Research effects
Tirzepatide is a GIP/GLP-1 dual receptor agonist peptide that achieves glycemic and weight control through synergistic incretin receptor activation, promoting glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon release, delaying gastric emptying, and centrally reducing appetite. In SURMOUNT-1, the 15 mg dose achieved 22.5% mean weight loss, with real-world 12-month data showing 16.6% reduction versus 13.4% for semaglutide. Beyond glycemic control, tirzepatide demonstrates cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects, and improves obesity-related adipose inflammation by modulating ERK signaling to promote M1 macrophage apoptosis and reduce insulin resistance. Emerging evidence also suggests protective potential in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, chronic inflammation, and cognitive function.
